Defined as infrequent, difficult passage of hard stools.

Normal frequency of stools varies person to person from about 3 per day to 1 per week.

Management can include:

1. Increase water intake to 6 to 8 glasses per day.
2. Increased fibre in the diet – fruits and vegetables.
3. Increase exercise.

Avoid use of, and dependence on laxatives.

Seek medical advice if:

• you have been using laxatives regularly.
• bowel movements are painful.
• constipation begins after you start a new medication.
• you have abdominal pain.